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(Wikipedia photo)

Maps: (click to enlarge)
Footnotes:
1. Jimmy Rooks, interview with author
2. Brandon Puhlman, interview with author
3. A separate category, Former Regime Loyalists (FRL) was also used to describe notable former regime leaders and generals, but had largely fallen out of use by 2005
4. Study of the Insurgency in Anbar, Ch 5, pg 6
5. Ibid., Ch 3, pg 43
6. Ibid., Ch 5, pg 6
7. Ibid., Ch 3, pg 46
8. “The Short, Violent Life of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi”, The Atlantic, 8jun06
9. February 2004 CPA translation
10. “Zarqawi’s Pledge of Allegiance to Al-Qaeda”, Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor, 16dec04.
11. “How Zarqawi Fits into Bin Laden’s World Front”, Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor, 28apr05